Cultures are complex

• there is not agreement by all members of the group, for reasons listed below

and because People are complex

• changing all the time

• sub-cultures emerge when there is a large enough group within the culture that differ from the others on some, but not most, features
• the fundamental parts of a culture are hard to see. See Iceberg example.

People Are Complex

• factors other than culture influence behaviour e.g.,
  * personalities, experiences
  * power in society

• they belong to more than one culture
• they may have modified their behaviour to respect your culture

• What You See Depends on Where You Stand
• Wave activity
• Membership in culture is not based on inherent characteristics